Author Guidelines

Before submitting, authors should confirm that:

A well-structured manuscript improves readability and helps editors and reviewers evaluate the research. Authors should follow these guidelines.

• The title should be concise, informative, and descriptive of the research.
• The abstract should normally contain 150–250 words and summarise the research objectives, methodology, principal results, and conclusions.
• Include 4–6 relevant keywords that accurately represent the manuscript.
• Avoid unexplained abbreviations and unnecessary promotional claims.

Clearly define the research problem, provide relevant background and literature, identify the research gap, and state the objectives, research questions, or hypotheses.

Describe the research design, materials, participants or datasets, data-collection procedures, analytical techniques, and relevant ethical approvals. Provide sufficient detail to enable evaluation and, where appropriate, reproducibility.

Present the findings clearly using text, tables, figures, or graphs as appropriate. Interpret the results, compare them with relevant previous research, explain their significance, and acknowledge limitations.

Summarise the principal findings and their significance. Explain relevant implications and potential future research directions without making claims unsupported by the results.

Ensure that every in-text citation has a corresponding reference-list entry and vice versa. Follow the reference style specified by the individual journal.

Use a reliable reference-management tool, such as Mendeley or EndNote, if helpful.

Every table and figure must be cited in the manuscript and must contribute to understanding the research. Provide readable labels, captions, units, and legends.

Authors must have permission to reproduce copyrighted material where required. Images must not be manipulated in a way that misrepresents the underlying data.

Manuscripts should use clear, formal academic English. Authors are encouraged to check grammar, spelling, terminology, and consistency before submission.

Language quality is assessed separately from the scientific merits of the work. Language editing does not guarantee acceptance.

Authors should describe methods and analyses transparently and include a data-availability statement. Where possible and ethically appropriate, relevant data, code, protocols, and supplementary materials should be made available through a suitable repository.

Confidential, personal, proprietary, or otherwise restricted data must not be disclosed unlawfully.

Unless a journal-specific template states otherwise:

The journal will specify its preferred reference style on the relevant website and manuscript template. Where a manuscript requires a particular style, authors must apply it consistently.

Suggested discipline-specific approaches:

Use a reliable reference-management tool, such as Mendeley or EndNote, if helpful.

The APC supports editorial administration, peer-review coordination, copyediting checks, typesetting, publication preparation, online hosting, and related publishing operations.

The introductory price applies to all authors regardless of nationality or institutional affiliation during the published introductory period. The journal will publish the exact start and end dates of the offer.

The APC is payable only after the manuscript has been formally accepted and before final publication, unless the journal explicitly publishes a different arrangement.

The APC does not guarantee acceptance and does not influence editorial decisions. No submission fee or hidden mandatory publication charge will be imposed unless it is expressly disclosed on the journal website.

Any applicable taxes, optional services, or additional charges must be clearly stated before the author incurs them.

Authors must identify all funding that supported the research and explain the funder's role where relevant.

For unfunded research, include:

“This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.”

Authors who require institutional or external support for APC payment should consult their institution or funder. Any journal waiver or discount policy will be published separately if offered.

Authors may use professional language-editing services to improve clarity, grammar, academic tone, and readability before submission.

Language editing is optional unless a manuscript requires substantial language improvement to permit reliable assessment. Authors remain responsible for the accuracy and integrity of the final manuscript.

Language editing is not a substitute for peer review, methodological quality, or research ethics compliance. Use of an external editing service does not influence the editorial decision. Language editing does not guarantee acceptance.

If ISG offers a paid language-editing and manuscript development service, its scope, price, turnaround time, confidentiality arrangements, and terms should be disclosed separately. Authors are not compelled to purchase such services from the publisher.

We welcome original, well-prepared manuscripts that meet the journal's scope and publication requirements.

Before submitting, please ensure that:

• The manuscript is complete and correctly formatted.
• All authors have approved the submission.
• Relevant declarations and supporting files are included.
• The work is not simultaneously under consideration elsewhere.
• The author has reviewed the applicable APC and publication policies.